Ir al menú de navegación principal Ir al contenido principal Ir al pie de página del sitio

Educación y gestión del conocimiento

Vol. 19 (2025): La IA y el futuro digital construyendo el camino hacia un mundo sostenible y competitivo 978-84-10470-93-4

Modelo de Competencias Socio-Adaptativas para la Educación Inclusiva y la Empleabilidad en el Siglo XXI

Enviado
octubre 30, 2025
Publicado
2025-11-07

Resumen

En los últimos años, las habilidades blandas han cobrado una importancia creciente en la educación superior y en los entornos laborales, principalmente por su vínculo con la empleabilidad. Sin embargo, persisten controversias en torno a su definición, formación y evaluación. Este trabajo empleó una metodología de enfoque mixto, que combinó una revisión sistemática de literatura publicada entre 2010 y 2024 con la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado a una muestra de 157 personas. A través del instrumento se recopilaron datos cuantitativos sobre el nivel de conocimiento y percepción respecto a estas competencias. Con base en los hallazgos, se propone un modelo de competencias socio-adaptativas que agrupa las habilidades blandas en seis categorías generales: tecnológicas, interpersonales, gerenciales/empresariales, de aprendizaje, personales y para la vida. Aunque la mayoría de los encuestados manifestó conocer el término, se evidencian confusiones en su definición y en cómo se diferencian de las habilidades técnicas.

Citas

  1. AbuJbara, N.; Worley, J. (2018). Leading toward New Horizons with Soft Skills. (E. Insight, Ed.) On the Horizon. Emerald Insight, 26(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-10-2017-0085
  2. Ahmad, S.; Ahmad, S.; Ameen, K. (2020). A qualitative study of soft skill development opporunities; perceptions of universities information professionals. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communications, 70(6/7), 489-503. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-06-2020-0073
  3. Ali, R.; Shaffie, F.; Mohd, F. (2016). Understandings and Conceptions of Soft Skills for Educators in Public Universities. The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioral Sciences EpSBS - International Soft Science Conference. London: Future Academy. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.08.98
  4. Bak, O.; Jordan, C.; Mifgley, J. (2019). The adoption of soft skills in supply chain and understanding their current role in supply chain management skills agenda: A UK perspective. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(3), 1063-1069. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-05-2018-0118
  5. Balcar, J,.; Simek, M.; Filipova, L. (2018). Soft Skills of Czech Graduates. Review Of Economic Perspectives – Národohospodářský Obzor, 18(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2018-0003
  6. Balcar, J. (2016). Is it better to invest in hard or soft skills? The Economic Labour Relations Review, 27(4), 453-470. https://doi.org/10.1177/1035304616674613
  7. Calanca, F.; Sayfullina, L-.; Minkus, L.; Wagner, C.; Malmi, E. (2019). Responsible Team Players Wanted: an analysis of soft skill requirements in job advertisements. EPJ Data Science, 8(13), 1-20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-019-0190-z
  8. Chamorro-Premuzic, T.; Arteche, A.; Bremner, A.; Greven, C.; Furnham, A. (2010). Soft Skills in higher education: importance and improvement ratings as a function of individual differences and academic performance. Educational Psychology, 30(2), 221-241. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1080/01443410903560278
  9. Dubey, R..; Tewari, V. (2016). A Systematic Review on Relevant Softskills in Software Engineering Curricula. Conference: International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. Indian Institute of Information Technology . https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2016.0939
  10. England, T.; Nagel, G.; Salter, S. (2020). Using collaborative learning to develop students’ soft skills. Journal of Education for Business, 95(2), 106-114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2019.1599797
  11. Fajar, A.; Cantner, U. (2017). Soft skills, hard skills, and individual innovativeness. Eurasian Business Review, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-017-0076-6
  12. Grugulis, I. ; Vincent, S. (2009). Whose skill is it anyway? ‘soft’ skills and polarization. Work, employement and Society, 23(4), 597-615. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017009344862
  13. Hurrell, S. (2016). Rethinking the soft skils deficit blame game: Employers, skills withdrawal and the reporting of soft skills gaps. Human Relations, 69(3), 605-628. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715591636
  14. Jafari, R.; Smith, B.; Burch, R.; Vick, S. (2019). Engineering Soft Skills vs. Engineering Entrepreneurial Skills. (ResearchGate, Ed.) International Journal of Engineering Education, 1-31. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335665805
  15. Khaouja, I.; Mezzour, G.; Carley, K.; Kassou, I. (2019). Building a soft skill taxonomy from job openings. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 9(43), 1-19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-019-0583-9
  16. Kostikova, Il.; Holubnycha, L.; Girich, Z.; Movmyga, N. (2021). Soft Skills Development with University Students. Revista Românească pentru Educaţie Multidimensională, 13(1), 398-416. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.1/378
  17. Kryucheva, Y.; Tolstoukhova, I. (2021). The pedagogical model of the formation of soft skills. Revista San Gregorio(44), 113-118. https://doi.org/http: 10.36097/rsan.v1i44.1595
  18. Lavilles, H.; Robles, A. (2017). Teachers' Soft Skill Proficiency Level and School Performance of Selected Schools in Sultan Kudarat Division. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 10-28.
  19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343852181_Teachers'_Soft_Skill_Proficiency_
  20. Matteson, M.; Anderson, L.; Boyden, C. (2016). Soft Skills: A Phrase in Search of Meaning. Project Muse, 16(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2016.0009
  21. Maturro, G.; Raschetti, F.; Fontán, C. (2019). A Systematic Mapping Study on Soft Skills in. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 25(1), 16-41.
  22. https://www.academia.edu/39019892/A_Systematic_Mapping_Study_on_Soft_Skills_in_Software_Engineering
  23. Mitsea, E.; Drigas, A.; Mantas, P.;. (2021). Soft Skills & Metacognition as Inclusion Amplifiers in the 21st Century Century. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering, 17(4), 121-132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i04.20567
  24. Ngang, T., B., P., y Saowanee, T. (2013). Leadership Soft Skills of Deans in Three Malaysian Public Universities. 3rd Word Conference on Learning, Teaching and Educational Leadrship (WCLTA-2012). Malaysia: Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences - Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.012
  25. Ngang, T.; Hashim, N.; Yunus, H. (2015). Novice Teacher Perceptions of the Soft Skills Needed in Today's Wokplace. Science Direct, 177(april), 284-288.
  26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.338
  27. Parlamis, J., y Monnot, M. (2018). Getting to the CORE: Putting an End to the Term "Soft Skills". Journal of Management Inquiry, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492618818023
  28. Rao, M. (2018). Soft skills: toward a sanctimonious discipline. On the Horizon, 26(3), 23-41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-06-2017-0034
  29. Säisä, M.; Määttä, S.; Roslöf,J. (2019). Knowledge gained by Working in University-Industry Collaboration Projects. 15th International CDIO Conference, Aarthus University. Aathus, Denmark: Researchgate.
  30. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336374082_Knowledge_Gained_by_Working_in_University-Industry_Collaboration_Projects
  31. Salleh, K; Sulaiman, N.; Mohamad, M.; Sern, L. (2017). Assessing soft skills components in science and technology programs within Malaysian Technical Universities. Songklanakarin Journal Science Technology, 39(3), 399-305. https://doi.org/10.14456/sjst-psu.2017.43
  32. Shakir, R. (2009). Soft Skills at the Malaysian Institutes of Higher Learning. Asian Pacific Education Review, 10, 309-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-009-9038-8
  33. Siddiky, R. (2020). Does soft skill development vary among the students? A gender perspective. Turkish Journal of Education, 9(3), 205-221. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.658198
  34. Stracensky-Kalauz, M., Hudec, G., y Kirinic, V. (2015). Soft Skills perception among students: importance and performance. Central European Conference on Information and Intelligent Systems. Varazdin, Croatia: Faculty of Organization and Informatics. https://archive.ceciis.foi.hr/app/public/conferences/1/ceciis2015/papers/766.pdf
  35. Succi, C.; Canovi, M. (2020). Soft skills to enhance graduate employability: comparing students and employers’ perceptions. Studies of Higher Education, 45(9), 1834-1847. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1585420
  36. Touloumakos, A. (2020). Expanded Yet Restricted: A Mini Review of the Soft Skills Literature. Frontiers in Psichology, 11(2207), 1-6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02207
  37. Villegas, C. (2014). A Systematic Review of Research on Soft Skills for Employability. Advanced Education, 25, 200-212. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.314064
  38. Wisshak, S.; Hochholdinger, S. (2020). Perceived instructional requirements of soft skills trainers and hard skills trainers. Journal of Workplace Learning, 32(6), 1-12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-02-2020-0029
  39. Yan, Y.; Li, Y. (2013). Analysis of Vocational Generic "Soft Skills" Training for the Vocational Students. International Conference on Educational Research and Sports Education. Beijing, China: Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/erse.2013.49
  40. Zueva, I. (2019). Management Students’ "Soft Skills" in Foreign Language Training at Technical University. The International Scientific and Practical Conference “Current Issues of Linguistics and Didactics: The Interdisciplinary Approach in Humanities and Social Sciences”. Moscow, Russia: EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196900144

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

> >>